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IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF LEARNING SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL CONTINGENCY TOKEN ECONOMY

Carlos García
Educational systems (understood as such sports training) , used a large and diverse number of techniques to change unwanted behaviors of students, also like to reinforce appropriate behavior. In psychology
behaviorist has studied the effectiveness and consequences of the various techniques of reward and punishment in both animals and humans and have established a number of conclusions:

• basic principles at work in the acquisition or extinction of a response are following:


• The basic principle of learning is based on a result that has a behavior, for example, if there is positive reinforcement contingent on a behavior, it increases their probability of occurrence. If the behavior is followed by a punishment, you get very quickly the response suppression effect.
  
• The punishment can be both positive (a stimulus following aversive response) or negative (reinforcing stimulus is removed), both decrease the likelihood of response.
  
• Positive punishment involves undesirable side effects as well as the suppression of a response. Such effects may include physical damage, providing aggressive models, lead to negative reactions to the person applying it, ... Let's say publicly quarreled a student does not perform as expected. This punishment, goes beyond its relation to misconduct, which is supposed to be the bad performance, since it does not reinforce their good performance, well surely create a bad attitude this guy to coach. Fear of punishment is created, will prevent a good running back.
  
• modern learning theories, advocates working with positive reinforcement so that if executed well will receive a prize, but if executed poorly removed part of the prize.
  
• This is the basic principle of token economy system which is explained below.

TOKEN ECONOMY SYSTEM
is a reinforcement-based system chips, and is named for its analogy with the functioning of the economy based on money.
Its advantages are that: a.
It enhances the value of reinforcers
b. Reducing the delay in strengthening
c. It avoids interference from other forms of reinforcement
d. Is individualized and flexible reinforcement program
In simple words, the token economy system works as a simplification of classical economic system, namely: "If you do this well get X cards, but if you do it wrong, you removed and chips. When the chips have sufficient, you can redeem for prizes involved. "PROCEDURE

a) -
Implementation Phase 1-Identify behaviors that are to be enhanced 2-Choose
the type of card, ticket, check, etc ... more
3-Select appropriate reinforcers that will be exchanged for chips
4-Mark the price that each chip is worth reinforcing
5-Define the cost penalty for
defective-6-Develop an accounting system that covers both chips won, awards redeemed, penalties, ...
b) - Phase fading token economy
When the system has been implemented, it must define a plan for, as well as the objectives are being met, is more difficult to win tokens and prizes price is higher, with the intention that at any given time depends not this system to perform.
1-Increase the time between deliveries of chips
2-Increase the criteria for obtaining tokens
3-Reduce the number of chips won by the execution of target behaviors
4-Increase the number of chips needed to win enhancers support.

Then, the following questionnaire serves to give clues to the coach on the disposition of the subjects facing the training. No matter perform a standardized score of the questionnaire, but simply, the more real you, unless you want to train the individual, and it may be more appropriate at some point is to have a serious talk with him.

summary: If you set a system of systematic rewards and punishments, students have a reference on targets that they can provide reinforcement and behavior that they can bring punishment (punishment understood as suppression of the prize).
The conditions of a good distribution system reinforcements are

1. Contingency: unfailingly, conduct defined as worthy of reward or punishment, should be rewarded or punished, always, without hesitation.
2. Immediacy: The less time elapses between the execution of behavior and the contribution of reinforcement (reward or punishment) more effective it is.
3. Proportionality: The reinforcement should be proportional to the importance of the conduct executed, otherwise, does not offer valid clues to regulate their behavior.
4. Feedback: The definition of conduct that will be enforced should be directed to provide information to students about the direction and validity of their own behavior.

coach who wants to follow the assumptions of psychological theories of learning, should gigs when defining the behaviors and associated enhancers.